Джордж Гэйлорд СИМПСОН
George Gaylord SIMPSON
16 июня 1902 — 6 октября 1984
Американский палеонтолог, специалист по вымершим млекопитающим и межконтинентальным миграциям.
Симпсон был, возможно, наиболее влиятельным палеонтологом двадцатого столетия. Он ввёл в 1949 году термин синтетическая теория эволюции, обозначающий теорию, объединившую принципы наследования, выраженные в законах Менделя и эволюционном учении Дарвина. Его вклад в эту теорию выражен в книгах Tempo and Mode in Evolution (1944) и Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals (1945).
Среди прочего следует отметить превосхищение Симпсоном в 1944 теории прерывистого равновесия (Симпсон ввёл термин квантовая эволюция) и развенчание мифа о том, что эволюция лошади протекала линейно, с современной лошадью в качестве конечного результата. Симпсон занимал пост профессора зоологии в Колумбийском университете и куратора департамента геологии и палеонтологии в Американском музее естественной истории в Нью-Йорке с 1945 по 1959. С 1959 по 1970 Симпсон занимал пост куратора Музея сравнительной зоологии в Гарварде.
Список публикаций
1925
American Triconodonts. [Abstract] Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol. 36, p. 229.
Reconnaissance of the Santa Fé Formation. [Abstract] Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol. 36, p. 230.
Mesozoic mammalia I. American triconodonts. American Journal of Science, vol. 210, p.145-165, 334-358.
Mesozoic mammalia III.Preliminary comparison of Jurassic mammals except Multituberculates. American Journal of Science, vol. 210, p. 559-569. In figure 3, p. 567.
1926
Mesozoic mammalia. IV. The Multituberculates as living animals. American Journal of Science, vol. 211, p. 228-250.
New construction of Lasanius. Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol. 37, p. 397-402.
The fauna of Quarry Nine. American Journal of Science, vol. 212, p. 1-16.
The age of the Morrison Formation. American Journal of Science, vol. 212, p. 198-216.
1928
A Catalogue of the Mesozoic Mammalia in the Geological Department of the British Museum. London: British Museum (Natural History). 215 p.
1929
American Mesozoic Mammalia. Memoir, Peabody Museum, Yale University, volume 3, part I, p. 1-236.
http://www.archive.org/details/americanmesozoic31simp
A new Paleocene uintathere and molar evolution in the Amblypoda. American Museum of Natural History Novitates, No. 387, 9 p.
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/3133
1931
A new classification of mammals. American Museum of Natural History Bulletin, vol. 59, p. 259-293.
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/858
1932
Miocene land vertebrates from Florida. Florida State Geological Survey Bulletin No. 10, p. 7-41.
A new Paleocene mammal from a deep well in Louisiana. Proceedings, U.S. National Museum, vol. 82, p. 1-4.
http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32567#12
1933
Autobiographical notes. Simpson Manuscript Collection 31, Archives of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.
1934
ATTENDING MARVELS: A PATAGONIAN JOURNAL. Macmillan, New York and London, 295 p.
1935
The first mammals. Quarterly Review of Biology, vol. 10, p. 154-180.
1936
Data on the relationships of local and continental mammalian land faunas. Journal of Paleontology, vol. 10, p. 410-414.
1937
Notes on the Clark Fork,Upper Paleocene, Fauna. American Museum of Natural History Novitates, No. 954, p. 1-24.
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/2190
The beginning of the age of mammals. Biological Review, vol. 12, p.1-47.
Supra-specific variation in nature and in classification: From the viewpoint of paleontology. American Naturalist, vol. 71, p. 236-267.
Patterns of phyletic evolution. Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol. 48, p.303-314.
The Fort Union of the Crazy Mountain Field, Montana, and Its Mammalian Faunas. United States National Museum, Bulletin 169, p.1-287.
http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49019#5
1939
QUANTITATIVE ZOOLOGY: NUMERICAL CONCEPTS AND METHODS IN THE STUDY OF RECENT AND FOSSIL ANIMALS. McGraw-Hill, New York and London, 414 pp.
1940
Types in modern taxonomy. American Journal of Science, vol. 238, p. 413-431.
Los Indios Kamarakotos (Tribu Caribe de La Guayana Venezolana). Revista de Fomento, Caracas, vol. 3: p. 201-660.
Antarctica as a faunal migration route. Proceedings, Sixth Pacific Congress, 1939, p. 755-768.
Mammals and land bridges. Journal of the Washington [D. C.] Academy of Science, vol. 30, p. 137-163.
Studies on the earliest primates. American Museum of Natural History Bulletin, vol. 77, p. 185-212.
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/375
The case history of a scientific news story. Science, vol. 92, p. 148-150.
1942
The beginnings of vertebrate paleontology in North America. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 86, p.130-188.
1943
Mammals and the nature of continents. American Journal of Science, vol. 241, p. 1-31.
Criteria for genera, species, and subspecies in Zoology and Paleozoology. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 44, p. 145-178.
1944
Henry Fairfield Osborn. Dictionary of American Biography, vol. 11, Supplement 1, p. 584-587.
TEMPO AND MODE IN EVOLUTION. Columbia University Press, New York, 237 p.
1945
The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. American Museum of Natural History, Bulletin, No. 85, p. 1-350.
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/1104
Tempo and mode in evolution. New York Academy of Sciences Transactions, Series II, vol. 8, p. 45-60.
1946
Bones in the Brewery. Natural History Magazine, vol. 55, p. 252-259.
Holarctic [northern hemisphere] mammalian faunas and continental relationships during the Cenozoic. Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol. 58, p. 613-688.
A continental Tertiary time chart. Journal of Paleontology, vol. 21, p. 480-483.
The problem of plan and purpose in nature. Scientific Monthly, vol. 64, p. 481-495.
1948
The beginning of the age of mammals in South America, part I. American Museum of Natural History, Bulletin , No.91, p. 1-232.
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/1632
The Eocene of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. American Journal of Science, vol. 246, Part 1: p. 257-282; Part 2: p. 363-385.
A fossil-collecting campaign in New Mexico. Science, vol. 107, p. 207-212.
1949
GENETICS, PALEONTOLOGY, AND EVOLUTION. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 474 p.
THE MEANING OF EVOLUTION. Yale University Press, New Haven, 364 p.
http://www.archive.org/details/meaningofevoluti00simp
A fossil deposit in a cave in St. Louis. American Museum of Natural History Novitates, No. 1408, p. 1-46.
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/4286
1950
The meaning of Darwin in "Charles Darwin's Autobiography," Sir Francis Darwin, ed., Henry Schuman, New York, p. 1-11.
History of the fauna of Latin America. American Scientist, vol. 38, p. 361-389.
Trends in research and the Journal of Paleontology. Journal of Paleontology, vol. 24, p. 498-499.
1951
The species concept. Evolution, vol. 5, p. 285-298.
Some principles of historical biology bearing on human origins. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology, vol. 15, p. 55-66.
HORSES: THE STORY OF THE HORSE FAMILY IN THE MODERN WORLD AND THROUGH SIXTY MILLION YEARS OF HISTORY. Oxford University Press, New York, 247 p.
1952
Periodicity in vertebrate evolution in "Symposium on Distribution of Evolutionary Explosions in Geologic Time," Journal of Paleontology, vol. 26, p. 359-370.
1953
LIFE OF THE PAST: AN INTRODUCTION TO PALEONTOLOGY. Yale University Press, New Haven, 198 p.
THE MAJOR FEATURES OF EVOLUTION. Columbia University Press, New York, 434 p.
EVOLUTION AND GEOGRAPHY: AN ESSAY ON HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MAMMALS. Condon Lectures, Oregon State System of Higher Education, Eugene, Oregon, p. 1-63.
1957
LIFE: AN INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY. Harcourt, Brace, New York, 845 p.
1958
BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION. Yale University Press, New Haven, 557 p.
Memorial to Richard Swan Lull. Geological Society of America Proceedings Volume, Annual Report for 1957, p. 127-134.
Charles Darwin in search of himself: a review of Charles Darwin's Autobiography, edited by Nora Barlow. Scientific American, vol. 199, p. 117-122.
1959
The nature and origin of supraspecific taxa. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology, vol. 24, p 255-271.
Anatomy and morphology: classification and evolution: 1859 and 1959. American Philosophical Society Proceedings, vol. 103, p. 286-306.
Darwin led us into this modern world. The Humanist, No. 5, p. 267-275.
Fossil mammals from the type area of the Puerco and Nacimiento Strata, Paleocene of New Mexico. American Museum of Natural History Novitates, no. 1957, 22 p.
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/2497
Mesozoic mammals and the polyphyletic origin of mammals. Evolution, vol. 13, p. 405-414.
1960
The world into which Darwin led us. Science, vol. 131, p. 966-974.
The history of life in "The Evolution of Life," vol. 1 of "Evolution after Darwin," edited by Sol Tax, p. 117-180. The University of Chicago [Darwin] Centennial, University of Chicago Press.
1961
THE PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL TAXONOMY. Columbia University Press, New York, 247 p.
Evolution of Mesozoic mammals. Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van Belgie, Brussels, Part I, p. 57-95.
Lamarck, Darwin, and Butler. The American Scholar, vol. 30, p. 238-249.
One hundred years without Darwin are enough. Teachers College Record, vol. 62, p. 617-626.
Some problems of vertebrate paleontology. Science, vol. 133, p. 1679-1689.
1962
The status of the study of organisms. American Scientist, vol. 50, p. 36-45.
Primate taxonomy and recent studies of nonhuman primates. New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 102, p. 497-514.
1963
Biology and the nature of science. Science, vol. 139, p. 81-88.
Historical science in "The Fabric of Geology," edited by Claude Albritton, Jr., p. 24-48, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., Palo Alto, Calif.,and London.
The meaning of taxonomic statements. Classification & Evolution, edited by S. L. Washburn,Viking Publications in Anthropology, No. 37, p. 1-31.
The nonprevalence of humanoids. Science, vol. 144, p. 769-775.
Review of The Origin of Races, by Carleton Coon. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, vol. 6, p. 268-272.
1964
THIS VIEW OF LIFE: THE WORLD OF AN EVOLUTIONIST. Harcourt, Brace, and World, New York, 308 p.
965
THE GEOGRAPHY OF EVOLUTION: COLLECTED ESSAYS. Chilton Books, Philadelphia and New York, 249 pp.
1966
Mammalian evolution of the southern continents. Neue Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, Band 125, p. 1-18.
The biological nature of man. Science, vol. 152, p. 472-478.
1967
The beginning of the age of mammals in South America, part 2. American Museum of Natural History, Bulletin 137, p. 1-259.
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/1621
1968
The present status of the theory of evolution. Royal Society of Victoria Proceedings, vol. 82, p. 149-160.
What is man: a review of The Naked Ape, by Desmond Morris. New York Times Sunday Book Review, p. 16-20.
1969
BIOLOGY AND MAN. Harcourt, Brace and World, New York. 175 p.
1970
Darwin's philosophy and methods. Science, vol. 167, p. 1362-1363.
William King Gregory (1876-1970). American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 35, p. 155-173.
1972
The evolutionary concept of man. Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man, B. Campbell, ed., Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co., p. 17-39.
1973
The divine non sequitur. G. Browning et al., eds., "Teilhard de Chardin in Quest of the Perfection of Man," Fairleigh Dickinson Press, Madison, N.J, p. 88-102.
1974
The concept of progress in organic evolution. Social Research, vol. 41, p. 28-51.
Reply to questionnaire of Ernst Mayr, prepared for the two conferences in 1974 on the evolutionary synthesis. Archives of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. Most of the reply is published in "The Evolutionary Synthesis," 1982, Ernst Mayr and William Provine, eds., Harvard University Press, p. 452-463.
1975
Recent advances in methods of phylogenetic inference. Phylogeny of the Primates, W. Luckett and F. Szalay, eds., Plenum Press, New York and London, p. 1-19.
1976
PENGUINS: PAST AND PRESENT, HERE AND THERE. Yale University Press, New Haven, 150 p.
1977
A new heaven and a new earth and a new man in "Man's Place in the Universe," D. W. Corson, ed., University of Arizona, Tucson, p. 51-75.
1978
CONCESSION TO THE IMPROBABLE: AN UNCONVENTIONAL BIOGRAPHY. Yale University Press, New Haven, 291 p.
1979
Earth history at the century mark of the U.S. Geological Survey. Proceedings, National Academy of Sciences, vol. 76, p. 4208-4211.
1980
SPLENDID ISOLATION: THE CURIOUS HISTORY OF SOUTH AMERICAN MAMMALS. Yale University Press, New Haven, 266 p.
WHY AND HOW: SOME PROBLEMS AND METHODS IN HISTORICAL BIOLOGY. Pergamon Press, New York, 263 p.
1981
Prologue: historical biology and physical anthropology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 56, p. 335-338.
1982
THE BOOK OF DARWIN. Washington Square Books, New York, 219 p.
1983
FOSSILS AND THE HISTORY OF LIFE. Scientific American Books, New York, 239 p.
1984
DISCOVERERS OF THE LOST WORLD: AN ACCOUNT OF SOME OF THOSE WHO BROUGHT BACK TO LIFE SOUTH AMERICAN MAMMALS LONG BURIED IN THE ABYSS OF TIME. Yale University Press, New Haven, 222 p.
1985
Extinction. American Philosophical Society Proceedings, vol.129, p. 407-416.
1986
G.G. Simpson's recollections of W.D. Matthew. PALAIOS, vol. 1, p. 200-203.
1987
SIMPLE CURIOSITY: LETTERS OF GEORGE GAYLORD SIMPSON TO HIS FAMILY, 1921-1970. Léo F. Laporte, ed., University of California Press, Los Angeles and Berkeley, 340 p.
1996
THE DECHRONIZATION OF SAM MAGRUDER. St. Martin's Press, New York, 137 p.
Отредактировано Александр (2010-01-19 12:43:27)
